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La Tomatina Festival in Spain

La Tomatina is Spain’s tomato throwing festival that takes place annually on the last Wednesday in August in the town of Buà ±ol. The origins of the festival are largely unknown, though a popular story tells of a group of teenagers who engaged in a food fight after a summertime religious celebration in the 1940s. Tomato throwing in Buà ±ol was banned by city officials until the townspeople held a ceremonial tomato burial to express their discontent. Fast Facts: La Tomatina Short Description: La Tomatina is an annual tomato throwing festival that began as a 1940s food fight and has since been recognized as a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest.  Ã‚  Event Date: The last Wednesday in August every yearLocation: Buà ±ol, Valencia, Spain The ban was lifted in 1959, and since then, La Tomatina has been recognized in Spain as an official Fiesta of International Tourist Interest. Since 2012, permitted entrance to La Tomatina has been capped at 20,000 people, and the city of Buà ±ol imports more than 319,000 pounds of tomatoes for the hour-long event. Origins It is unclear how Spain’s tomato festival began, as there are no accurate records detailing the origins of La Tomatina. Buà ±ol—the small village in the Spanish province of Valencia where La Tomatina takes place each year—had a population of only around 6,000 in the 1940s, and it is unlikely a minor public disturbance would have garnered much national, let alone international, attention, especially during World War II. The first Tomatina was thrown in the summer of 1944 or 1945 during a local religious celebration. Based on popular feasts in the mid-20th century, it was likely the Corpus Christi celebration, featuring a parade of Gigantes y Cabezudos—large, costumed, papier-mache figures—accompanied by a marching band. One popular Tomatina origin story details how a singer at the festival gave a dismal performance, and the townspeople, in disgust, snatched produce from vendors’ carts, tossing it at the singer. Another account details how the townspeople of Buà ±ol expressed their political discontent by rocketing tomatoes at civic leaders outside of the city hall. Given the economic and political situation of Spain in the mid-1940s, both of these retellings are likely more fiction than fact. Food rations were common, meaning the townspeople would be unlikely to waste produce, and protests were often met with aggression by local police forces. A more likely story is that a few teenagers, enlivened by the festival, either knocked over a pedestrian who began haphazardly throwing tomatoes or picked up tomatoes that had fallen from the bed of a passing lorry and threw them at each other, unknowingly creating one of Spain’s most popular annual events. Whatever the case, law enforcement intervened, ending the first Tomatina festival. However, the practice gained popularity in subsequent years, with local people bringing tomatoes from home to participate in the festivities until it was officially banned in the 1950s. Pablo Blazquez Dominuguez / Getty Images Burial of the Tomato   Ironically, it was the ban of the tomato throwing festivities in the early 1950s that did the most to increase its popularity. In 1957, the townspeople of Buà ±ol held a ceremonial tomato burial to express their discontent with the ban. They tucked a large tomato into a coffin and carried it through the streets of the village in a funeral procession. Local authorities lifted the ban in 1959, and by 1980, the city of Buà ±ol had taken over planning and execution of the festival. La Tomatina was televised for the first time in 1983, and since then, the festival has seen participation numbers increase dramatically. Tomatina Revival In 2012, Buà ±ol began requiring payment for entrance to La Tomatina, and the number of tickets was limited to 22,000, though the previous year had seen upwards of 45,000 visitors to the area. In 2002, La Tomatina was added to the list of Fiestas of International Tourist Interest. AFP / Getty Images   Festival-goers typically wear white to ensure maximum tomato carnage visibility and most don swim goggles for eye protection. Buses from Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia begin to roll into Buà ±ol in the early hours of the final Wednesday in August, carrying sangria-drinking tourists from all over the world. Crowds gather in the Plaza del Pueblo, and at 10:00 a.m., a series of lorries carrying, as of 2019, more than 319,000 pounds of tomatoes drives through the crowds, passing out the vegetable ammunition. At 11:00 a.m., a gunshot indicates the start of the 60-minute long tomato throwing festival, and at 12:00 p.m., another gunshot signals the end. Tomato-soaked tourists wade through the rivers of tomato sauce to awaiting locals with hoses or down to the river for a quick rinse before boarding buses and vacating the city for another year. The original tomato throwing festival has sparked imitation celebrations in places like Chile, Argentina, South Korea, and China. Sources   Europa Press. â€Å"Alrededor de 120.000 kilos de tomates para tomatina de Buà ±ol procedentes de Xilxes.† Las Provincias [Valencia], 29 Aug. 2011.  Instituto Nacional de Estadà ­stica. Alteraciones de los municipios en los Censos de Poblacià ³n desde 1842. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadà ­stica, 2019.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"La Tomatina.† Ayuntamiento De Bunyol, 25 Sept. 2015.Vives, Judith. â€Å"La Tomatina: guerra de tomates en Buà ±ol.† La Vanguardia [Barcelona], 28 Aug. 2018.

Roderigo Academic Journal Essay - 900 Words

It is a common misconception to say that Roderigo is an inferior character in Othell, and that he plays no major role due to his simple superobjective which he does not achieve—which is to be with Desdemona by whatever means necessary. However, Shakespeare’s purpose for Roderigo, which makes him important to the play, is quite different from what Roderigo desires. Roderigo’s superobjective is introduced in the first act as we see Roderigo and Iago confront Brabantio about the whereabouts of Desdemona. In the first act we also see how badly Roderigo longs to be with Desdemona when he says that â€Å"I will incontinently drown myself† (I.iii.305). We begin to see the power Iago has over Roderigo and because of this Roderigo begins to appear weak†¦show more content†¦This is the point of no return for Roderigo. Here he declares his extreme love for Desdemona and his intent to be with her by any means necessary. The only problem is that he confesses i t to the wrong person—Iago. We also see Roderigo slip to the level of Iago. Shakespeare does this by having Roderigo speak with Iago not in meter. This shift in Roderigo’s speech shows how desperate he is to be with Desdemona and how Iago is beginning to take control. Roderigo throughout the rest of act one and two merely operates as a puppet for Iago and does his bidding, â€Å"I do follow here in the chase, not like a hound that hunts, but one that fills up the cry. My money is almost spent (II.iii.351-352). His absence in act three causes some over look his importance to Othello, however his appearance in act three would be trivial to Othello overall. This is where Shakespeare’s superobjective for Roderigo differs from Roderigo’s own wishes. Shakespeare has Roderigo be the catalyst to the falling action in act four by stabbing Cassio. It is this act by Roderigo that leads to the tragedy in act five. What is important to note is Roderigo’s change in attitude in act four. Here we see Roderigo acknowledge what Iago is doing to him and how Roderigo will no longer tolerate it. Roderigo I do not find that thou deal’st justly with me. Iago What in the contrary? Roderigo Every day thou daff’st me with some device, Iago,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesIago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind his deceitful trustworthy appearance, Iago is a multilayered manipulative villain. He manipulates the people around him by using their weaknesses against them. Roderigo, Cassio, Othello, and Emilia all have fallen for Iago’s tricks of manipulation and even mind control. In the beginning of the play, Iago explains how he wants to destroy Othello because he gave the position of lieutenant to Cassio. Therefore,Read MoreRacism By William Shakespeare s Othello1277 Words   |  6 Pages136). Having an affair in the Elizabeth age is unacceptable. Being that Othello is a Moor, it bothers and worsens the situation. Othello steals Desdemona from her father, Brabantio, and makes Brabantio upset. Roderigo wants to marry Desdemona and Brabantio approves it. Brabantio says to Roderigo, â€Å"O, that you had her!† (I. II. 175.1296). Desdemona marrying a black Moor is unacceptable and Brabantio does not approve of it. Othello is warned by Iago of the things Brabantio will do to him. Othello is notRead MoreOthello As A Powerful General Of The Venetian Army1991 Words   |  8 Pagesmentioned as â€Å"the Moor† or other more directly racist monikers and due to his race and the racism he encounters, he eventually falls in the long run. Othello s race, which is frowned upon by other characters of Shakespeare s play, mainly Iago and Roderigo, influences his poor decision making and is Othello Research Paper: Final Draft During the Elizabethan Era, William Shakespeare ingeniously crafted one of his most White 1 White 2 significant to the play because their racist treatment towards

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper - 1340 Words

Einstein once said, â€Å"The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who do nothing† (Gurteen). The Salem witch trials began in the Spring of 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A group of young girls, who claimed to be possessed by the devil, began accusing a few women of witchcraft, which caused hysteria among the people in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Approximately 150 people were convicted of practicing witchcraft, 19 were hanged at Gallows Hill, and others died in captivity (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials†). These tragic events lead to the convictions of many innocent people in Salem Village and later in Salem Town, Ipswich, Gloucester, and other towns (Brooks). The Salem witch trials are a†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, many other difficult situations were appearing for colonists in Salem Village, including a smallpox epidemic, threats from neighboring Native Americans, a rivalry with Salem Town, and the arriva l of many Canadian refugees following a war with France (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials†). The numerous issues leading up to the Salem witch trials caused large amounts of stress and trepidation, and initiated a chaotic chain of events. The witch trials began when nine girls, known as the afflicted girls, experienced strange symptoms. In the beginning, there were only five afflicted girls: Betty Parris, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam Jr., Mary Walcott, and Mercy Lewis. Elizabeth Hubbard, Susannah Sheldon, Mary Warren, and Elizabeth Booth later began experiencing the symptoms, which involved strange fits, irregular body contortions, and fevers. Although the symptoms seem phenomenal, modern theories suggest that the children were merely bored, abused, or had epilepsy, a mental illness, or a disease that was obtained from eating rye bread infected with a fungus. Reverend Samuel Parris, Betty Parris’ father, asked Dr. William Griggs to deduce the problem, and Dr. Griggs concluded that they were bewitched. The group of girls accused three women of causing their unnatural behaviors: Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba, a slave owned by Samuel Parris. The women were easy targets for the girls because they were outcasts (Brooks). Sarah Good was a beggar, SarahShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials - a Research Paper1993 Words   |  8 Pagesthe afflicted children to look upon her and see if this was the person that had hurt them so. They all gazed at Goody Good and said that this was the person that tormented themÂâ€"presently they were all tormented.brbrPuritanical beliefs had all of Salem truly believing that witches rode on broomsticks across the sky every night alongside the devil himself. They believed that these mere humans could send their specter out and haunt the children of their town. Proof of their belief follows, in anRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials, Mccarthyism, And Today s Events With Isis860 Words   |  4 Pagesalways a group being persecu ted is because nobody wants to be a part of the victimized group. The Salem Witch Trials, McCarthyism, and today’s events with ISIS are all similar because in all of these situations, people live in a state of fear and suspision. During the Salem Witch Trials, Francis Nurse started a petition to prove the innocence of his wife and other women. In court, Procter handed the paper to the judge and said, â€Å"Will you read this first, sir? It’s a sort of testament. The people signingRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692941 Words   |  4 PagesA. Plan of the investigation The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were a dark and very crucial time in American history. The late sixteen hundreds consisted of relying on young girls for the truth; but to what extent did the puritan’s religion and culture have in the proceedings of the Salem Witch Trials? A focus on the religion that the puritans believed in and their culture will be discussed. Also, how their faith turned them against those who were accused of witchcraft. It is also neededRead MoreEssay on Did Religion Impact American History?561 Words   |  3 Pagesincluding politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. Specifically, it will examine: 1) Major events impacting traditional religious beliefs in America, 2 ) Religious disputes which impacted land development, and 3) The impactRead MoreWitchcraft And The Puritan Culture985 Words   |  4 PagesTituba is rarely at the center of attention when the Salem Witch trials come into discussion. In fact, the only time she seems to ever be mentioned is to state that she is the link between witchcraft and the adolescent girls of Salem (Breslaw. Xx). Witchcraft is defined, by Webster’s dictionary, as the â€Å"magical things that are done by witches: the use of magical powers obtained especially from evil spirits†. Although words are known to change throughout the years, witchcraft, for the most partRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Day By Day Chronicle Of A Community Under Siege Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I have chosen to write about is â€Å"The Salem Witch Trials: A Day by Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege† written by Marilynne K. Roach and published in 2002. Marilynne K. Roach is the president of the Historical Society of Watertown and a member of the Watertown Historical Commission board, she also is an active board member and a curator of the Salem Witch Museum. She has multiple books that have been published about the Salem and the trials that occurred in the late 17th and early 18thRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreSocial Factors Of The Salem Witch Trials1439 Words   |  6 PagesSalem, Massachusetts, known for its history of witchcraft in the seventeenth century. The accusation of witchcraft lead to the Salem witch trials; A series of trials which examined the people whom were accused of witchcraft. Men and women of the Massachusetts Bay colony were being accused of witchcraft, multiple factors played a role in this event. This paper will discuss factors that lead people to being accused of being witches; Including, the behav iors and social situations of the accused, politicalRead MoreImpact of Religion on American History to 1877934 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding politics, people and weather. Politics and people are widely impacted by religion. Religion is the primary cause of most wars in countries across the world. Many historians believe America was formed on the basis of religion. In this research paper, I will illustrate the impact religion had on American History to 1877. Specifically, it will examine: 1) Major events impacting traditional religious beliefs in America, 2) Religious disputes which impacted land development, and 3) The impactRead MoreAccusation And Defense Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1658 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER Accusation and defense in the Salem witchcraft trials Suraj Gamal History 1301-73001-73002 JOE L. MCCAMBRIDGE - HISTORY 1301-1302 One of the most infamous Trial in history took place on March 1, 1692. According, to the Library of Congress, Massachusetts authorities catechized Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and an Indian Slave, Tituba regarding their practice in witchcraft. The trial resulted in more than 150 men and women in and around Salem jailed on charges of practicing Witchcraft

The Impact of Transnational Corporations on Less Economically Developed Countries Free Essays

A transnational (TNC) corporation is simply a large business organisation which operates and has ownership of assets in more than one country. Most TNCs operate in just a few countries, are involved in manufacturing and services and have their head offices in more developed countries. TNCs are responsible for employing over 40 million people worldwide, indirectly influence an even greater number, and to control over 75 per cent of world trade. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Transnational Corporations on Less Economically Developed Countries or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first, many branches of TNCs were located in economically less developed countries, but there has been an increasing global shift to the affluent markets of Europe, North America and Japan. The reason why TNCs originally decided to locate in less developed countries was due to the existence of valuable resources, but the most important reason was the level of incentives offered by the home government. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy If a TNC decides to settle in an LEDC, there will be huge benefits. Many new jobs will be created, which will be filled by local labour. The jobs will probably be better paid than other jobs supplied by industry which developed within the country. On the other hand, the wages will be much lower than the wages given for the same job in an MEDC. This is another reason why TNCs choose to create branches in LEDCs. The jobs supplied by the TNC will probably require some basic skills, especially if it involves the manufacture of a good. The education will be supplied by the TNC, and will probably be of a fairly high standard if they want the branch to be very productive. The employees will benefit from these skills, because they would be able to use them in other aspects of their lives. The TNC will supply the expensive machinery used in manufacturing for the employees, which may also introduce new technologies as well. This will enable the country to progress and allow companies to use the new technology to develop. Because worker wages is increasing, demand for consumer goods will increase as well, another reason why new companies will be tempted to develop. Mineral wealth and new energy resources will develop, Because there is more trade in the country, there will be more reason for roads to be built, as well as railways and airports. The TNC may help fund the development of these because it will improve the importing and exporting ability of that country. The government will probably supply money for the transport links as well, due to the increasing amount of money coming into the country. The increased amount of money made by the country can also be used for many other things. Health control could be introduced, which means workers will be given improved working conditions and health plans. This could also help to improve output further because workers will be in a better environment and mood to work. Money can also be used for environmental control, which could include developing ways of minimizing the amount of pollution certain industries create and even developing new production methods. Although the advantages to the country are numerous, there is a negative side which includes many disadvantages. Although the new TNC will supply many jobs, the cost of investment will be high. The new TNC will know that wages in the target country are very poor and so they will not have to pay workers as nearly as much as they pay employees in MEDCs. This is quite unfair, because the TNC is taking advantage of the people in the LEDC. Furthermore, employees will be made to work very long hours with little or no breaks. The TNC will most likely choose not to employ local highly skilled workers, because they will expect higher salaries and better working conditions. This will mean that low skilled people will be given jobs, but higher skilled workers will remain unemployed. As previously mentioned, the TNC will most probably enjoy large profits if they set up branches in LEDCs. The problem is most of this money will not stay within the country because the main branch of the TNC will be situated in an MEDC. This means money will not stay in the LEDC; there will be an outflow of wealth. If money is going abroad, the GNP of the TNC will increase rapidly. The GNP of the LEDC used will increase as well, but at a slower rate. This means that development speed of the MEDC will far exceed that of the LEDC. This defeats one of the main reasons why TNCs setup branches overseas; they want the country to catch up with the growth rate of other countries. Technological advancements in the LEDC can eventually cause problems. Mechanisation will mean that fewer workers are needed because robots can do the jobs that the workers once did. The only workers needed will those used to maintain the machinery, which means the work force will be decreased substantially. The raw materials which are located in the LEDC will most probably be exported instead of manufactured locally. If the country is using as lot of energy to develop, then this can cause a national debt. Therefore, the rate of development will be stunted and the country will have been taken advantage of. This could cause upset within the workforce, creating strikes. This can cause further problems because the firm is not located within the country. They could choose to pull out when ether they like, meaning many jobs would be lost. This would not be a great loss to the TNC though, as they have many other branches they can rely on. The money created by these TNCs would probably be better off spent on improving housing, diet and sanitation than roads and airports for trade. The problem is that the TNC would not benefit as much from these improvements so it does not concern them. The development of new firms can damage the environment because land must cleared for factories to be built. This could destroy the natural homes of species of animals, which is very difficult to correct. Because the target country will not be aware of the amount of pollution produced by industry, the laws on pollution control will not be as tight as the country where the firm is located. This could cause health problems, especially if a lot of waste is produced and dumped into the local water supply, for example. It is clear that there are many advantages and disadvantages in terms of TNCs creating branches in other countries. The real problem is that the disadvantages mostly affect the target country, not the TNC. So until LEDCs are aware of the problems caused by firms settling in their country, the chance of the growth of TNCs slowing down is very small. This could cause the gap between the levels of development in LEDCs and MEDCs to become even wider in the future. How to cite The Impact of Transnational Corporations on Less Economically Developed Countries, Papers

Lisa Glynn, 0187211, Class1000 Essay Example For Students

Lisa Glynn, 0187211, Class1000 Essay Making Comedy of the court-system in The WaspsOld comedies are not derived from the traditional Greek mythologicaland legendary elements; rather they are the very fabrications of the comicpoet himself typically involving the current social issues of the specifictime. They are a mixture of good humor, audacious and malevolent satire,wit and freedom of political and social criticisms. They are also quitesimilar in structure, containing three main traditional elements: theingredients, the arrangement and the dynamic. Aristophanes exemplifies allthese characteristics in his humorous comedy The Wasps, as he satirizes thepresent court system in Athens. The central characters in the play areonce again a father and son figure, Philocleon (in favor of Cleon) andBdelycleon (detester of Cleon). This instantaneously demonstrates thequick wit of Aristophanes as he is attempting to poke fun at Cleon, a pro-democratic politician of the time. This is very common in all ofAristophanes comedies. There is always an important social or politicalfigure mocked, another example being Socrates in The Clouds. Since Cleonis the main figure to be mocked, the audience can hence foresee that thiscomedy will be centrally based around the current court system and the jury-mens love for these litigations. We are first introduced to Philocleon by Xanthias, a slave ofPhilocleon, in his address to the audience. We are told that judging isPhilocleons hobby and that he is so accustomed to hold the ballotingpebble, that he awakes with his three fingers pinched together as if hewere offering incense to the new moon (www.textkit.com/files/the_wasps.pdf) As well, the audience also gets privy to the knowledge that he is amerciless judge and his son has locked him up in order to prevent him fromgoing out and judging. When Philocleon comes into the scene, he is makingridiculous attempts to escape in order to get to the tribunals. Theseattempts are quite comical, for example, he pretends to be the smoke comingout of the chimney. This allows us to see how insane Philocleon is aboutjudging and permits us to first see Aristophanes view on the lunacy of thejurymen themselves. We also see Aristophanes comical interpretation ofthe jurymen when the chorus enters the scene. They are representing theother jurymen coming to get Philocleon. However, they are depicted aswasps and in fact come into scene dressed up as wasps. This is meant tofoolishly show how addicted these men are to the court proceedings, whoswarm outside the tribunal in hopes of getting picked for one of the daystrials. They are not men of real justice; rather they are men who havesimply become addicted to judging. This gives us real insight into how thecourt systems worked. Aristophanes wished to display what a farce thecourt system was. There was no real justice done, the only justice wasthat through these jurymens blind eyes for conviction. In fact,Philocleon compares himself and the other jurymen to a king in asking ifthere was anyone whose might was greater than theirs. He also voices thatif A father on his death-bed names some husband for his daughter, who ishis sole heir; but we care little for his will or for the shell so solemnlyplaced over the seal; we give the young maiden to him who has best knownhow to se cure our wavour (www.textkit.com/files/the_wasps.pdf.) This inturn shows the utter disregard for the laws of the city by the jurymen. .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .postImageUrl , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:hover , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:visited , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:active { border:0!important; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:active , .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1 .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfa60a2b19ecef63ac2a39e6ac9c47a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Csis EssayThey rule according to what they see as best fit, despite what the lawsmight say and despite the actual best-fitted situation. Once again, thisoffers an amusing insight into the jurymens minds and the court system asa whole. With such an absolute disregard of the law, and a virtually slimto none chance of acquittal, Aristophanes desires to demonstrate that therereally is no need of such a court system. What is the point of justice,laws and a court system if they are not to be upheld or can easily bedisregarded at the jurymens discretion. Aristophanes is in turnexpressing that there is no need for a court system with such customs andbeliefs. Perhaps the most ludicrous and comical scene displaying Aristophanesview on the court system begins when Bdelycleon wins in the debate over hisfather and suggests Philocleon set up a court at home. Most would findthis ridiculous and humorous, however, Philocleon responds in claiming thatthe prophecies he has heard are coming true and that soon every Atheniancitizen would have a court set up in their home. If everyone was to have acourt at home, there would be virtually nothing to bring to court sinceeveryone would be more preoccupied with the court itself rather thancommitting any crime. As well, in turn the trials that would be held wouldmost likely more farcical then the idea for a home based court-systemitself as is later portrayed in the comedy. Aristophanes satire of thecourt system continues to prevail in the describing of the objectsPhilocleon is handed to complete his court. Firstly, he is given a thunder-mug should the time arise where he has to urinate. He is then handed so melentils and a fire should he get hungry and a cock is present should youdoze during some pleading, he may awaken you by crowing up there(www.textkit.com/files/the_wasps.pdf). Undoubtedly, all of these objectsare unnecessary in the court and it simply reiterates the fact thatPhilocleon should not be judging in the first place. A court system thatallows a judge to fall asleep during trial is completely preposterous. Toofurther reaffirm this satirical portrait of the Athenian courts,Aristophanes begins to exhibit Philocleons first trial. However, thiscourt case is unlike anything one might imagine. The trial has been heldto prosecute a dog for the theft of a piece of cheese. This comicallydisplays the point that the court system is a mockery and there really isno need for many of the cases that are presented. As well, before any ofthe arguments are heard Philocleon has already prejudged the defendant andhas agreed upon a guilty verdict. Again, Aristophanes wishes to presentthat this is quite typical in the court system at the time and he laughablyexpresses this in Philocleons words. However, the humor not only lies inthe words of the characters themselves but in the actions presented aswell. As part of the trial, Philocleon asks the witnesses of the act tocome forward. These witnesses, however, are a plate, a pestle, a cheeseknife, a brazier, a stew-pot and other half-burnt utensils and later addingto this scene of comedy, Philocleon then asks the grating knife to comeforward and asks it a question. This again demonstrates the lunacy thatlies within Philocleon, who is supposed to be a representative of the law. To further satirize the courts in Athens, Aristophanes then has Philocleoneasily deceived into giving a non-guilty verdict, despite the fact a guiltyverdict was already decided upon. This was accomplished in the simplest ofways as well. Bdelycleon merely gets Philocleon to place his voting pebblein the not-guilty urn. Being so distraught by this verdict Philocleon thenproceeds to give up judging all together. He cannot bear to continue afterletting an accused go free and agrees to the life that his son has wishedfor him. However, this life has left Philocleon being nothing more than adrunk and ironically he almost gets prosecuted himself. .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .postImageUrl , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:hover , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:visited , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:active { border:0!important; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:active , .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueab24dc1f19f5606bf97f7f3bdb8e38e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chapter 28 The Digestive SystemAristophanes The Wasps is an excellent comedic portrayal of the courtsystem present in Athens. He wished to express the corruption of thesystem, the ludicrous claims and cases, the undying love of litigation bythe jurymen and the overall lack of justice itself. Through Philocleon, ajuryman, Aristophanes accomplishes all of this. First with his refusal toacquit any accused defendant, then his refusal to quit judging, thedecision upon a home based court, and lastly with the ludicrous trialitself.

Child Welfare Information Gateway free essay sample

In every state in the United States, teachers are subject to mandatory reporting laws (Smith 2006). In most cases that means the teacher is required to contact a law enforcement agency or child protective services regarding the allegations of abuse.   The law is rapidly changing regarding the requirements for reporting abuse and in many cases mandatory reporting laws have been extended from child care professionals and medical professions to the clergy as well (Smith 2006). Each state’s definition of when a teacher must report suspected abuse varies, but there is no state that penalizes a teacher who, acting in good faith made a report that turned out to be wrong. In the case of Mary, once her friend tells the teacher that Mary’s new step-father is â€Å"doing bad things to her†, the teacher is under a legal and moral obligation to report the suspected abuse to the proper authorities for investigation. If the teacher has reason to question the validity of Mary’s friend’s statement, she should explain that to the investigating authority as well, but making the report is an indisputable necessity. Teachers and others who are listed as mandatory reporters can face civil and criminal penalties for failing to report suspected abuse if something untoward should happen to the child. More importantly, though teachers are trained to spot early signs of abuse and neglect and report them, teachers do not have the extensive training necessary to investigate the accusations and make a determination whether abuse is happening. In this way, a teacher is not only protecting the child, but also protecting herself in reporting (Smith 2006). The issue for the teacher can be one of legal protection and emotional protection. Most people, including teachers, would feel tremendous guilt if they determine no abuse was happening, failed to report it to other authorities and then the child was injured through abuse. The decision then to talk to Mary about the accusations is a difficult one. Obviously, if Mary has been a student that the teacher is close with and has routinely shared her private life with her teacher, then approaching the subject delicately can let Mary know there is someone on her side. However, if talking with Mary is mishandled, it could hamper her future school relationships and potentially hamper the official investigation into the abuse. The correct way for a teacher to handle this would be to talk to the student privately at a time when it does not appear that talking with the teacher is punishment. Talking with her over a recess break or during a fun classroom activity could lead a seven-year-old to believe that she had done something wrong and was being punished for it. Therefore, given Mary’s age it might be appropriate to begin the conversation in as non-threatening a manner as possible. Selecting Mary for a chance to offer â€Å"special assistance† to the teacher might be an easy way to arrange to have the conversation. If Mary is helping the teacher to retrieve supplies or set up a fun classroom segment, she might be more at ease than if a formal meeting were set up. Remember, the key is making Mary comfortable. Once the when has been established, the how of the discussion becomes less arduous, though it is still a difficult task. The teacher must again continue to be as non-threatening as possible and must be certain not to betray Mary’s friend’s trust. If Mary believes her friend is â€Å"tattling† on her, she is likely to become more withdrawn and less willing to talk.   One approach that might work is to ask Mary about the symptoms she was exhibiting in a non-accusatory way. For example, asking Mary if she’s having trouble sleeping or casually discussing Mary’s home life. A teacher could consider an opening question like, â€Å"Mary, I noticed you seemed really sleepy this morning (last week, Tuesday, whenever). Do you have trouble sleeping at night like I do?† The teacher immediately establishes a common thread with Mary and does not appear to be asking about troubling or scary situations. Then, the teacher should ask deeper more pertinent questions based on the flow of the conversation. If it is determined that Mary has been abused, the consequences for her could be grave. Most studies report that the age and amount of psychological development at the time of the abuse largely affect the long-term consequences. (Child Welfare 2006). In Mary’s case, long term physical effects can include poor health or injury, depending on what types of bag things her step-father is doing to her. Children who are exposed to sexual abuse face a danger of sexually-transmitted diseases in addition to the physical effects of the abuse. Psychological consequences of the abuse can be even more damaging, long term.   An abused child is likely to have inappropriate social boundaries, either being to gregarious and open sexually or becoming withdrawn. They often also face cognitive development problems and mental health issues. As teens, children who were abused face greater risks of drug and alcohol abuse and greater instances of juvenile delinquency and crime. In short, if this is occurring, then Mary needs to be protected as soon as possible. (Child Welfare 2006). Longitudinal studies have shown that the longer the abuse continues, the more drastic the consequences might be. REFERENCES Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2006 , http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfm, July 24, 2007. Smith, Susan K. â€Å"Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect† Nov. 2, 2006, http://www.smithmoorellc.com/mandatory_reporting.htm July 24, 2007.